Hnam tam takin an pi le pu hun laia savun lekha an lo nei thu le inhmang thu tienami ei nei a, ei hung nei dan le inhmang dan ruok chu a’n ang nawh. Eini rawi savun lekhazuol kha chu sum inkhumnan an hmang a, uiin a put hmang a, a lo fak vong niin an hril. Khasihai tienami ve ruok chu, pathienin Bengali le Khasi hi lekhabu a pek ve ve a, an khuolzin hung kirin vadung a lo lien a, Bengali pa chun a lu-ah lekhabu chu khit de-in an hlieu kaipui a. Khasi pa chun a se put a, li lai a tlung chun a chau a, lekhabu chu a dol el ta a, tiin an hril. India hmar-sak le Kawl rama cheng tlangmihaiin savun lekha inhmang thu hi ei nei fur a, fimkhur naw leia uiin a lo fak thu khom a’n lar hle. Kum tam tak liem taa khawsa tlang ei lo nina hriltu a ni el thei.
A ieng khom chu ni sien, lekha hawrop nei saa pieng chu tu khom ei lo um nawzie, a zai a zaia ri hmanga ei hung inbiek thei hnunga chuong rihai chu a ai awtu ding lim, kum 4000 neka tam liem taa Aigupta rama inthoka an hung duong suok hawrop, arênga hminga alphabet ei ti hih a nih. Tu lai khawvela ei hmang tlanglawn tak Roman Alfabet ei ti hung suokna trobul le a kaupeng hung indar dan chanchin suina, John Man ziek ‘Alpha Beta: How our Alphabet shaped the Modern World’ (2009 Edition) ti dam hi samphuola tiem el loa ngaituona inril hmanga ei suipui chun, mani tawk beka var huoina le iemani kong zawng beka piengtharna tham a nih. A hung suokna Etruscan-hai buzawlah kum iemani zat lo khawsa tah le Latin kaupeng laia pakhat Spanish khom Diploma (12th Grade) Certificate chen nei ve phaka lo pawl nel ka ni leiin, ka ta ding chun hi lekhabu hi a hlu zuol.
Hawrop ei hung nei ve tran dan ei tlang thlir hmain inchuktirna indik lo thil lakah ei fihlim a ngai. Pakhatna, Pathienin trong bik a nei nawh. Mihriem kuomah thlarauin thu a hril a, chu hretu le dongtu chun ama trong hrietin a ngaithlak a, a hril suok hlak. Pentecost ni-a thil tlung kha entirna thra tak a nih. Pahnina, ei trong Pathien mi pek ni-a ei hril hi thu him lo a nih. Trong hi a hmangtu mihriemhai inbiekpawna dinga an hung ser suok a nih. Pathienin tu khom trong a pek ngai nawh. Trongsemzawl ei ti hih tienami-a chauh a nih a um. Pathumna, Pathienin tu khom trong ziek suokna ding hawrop siem sa a pek ngai bok nawh. Hawrop hi mihriem duong suok a nih.
Kar hmasak khan P.C.Biaksiama buotsai Parallel Mizo-English Bible le inzomin KJV chauh innghatna tlak Baibul ni-a a ngaina thuah ei titi nasa hle a. Hi le inmata ka zuk hril nuom tak chu, kum 1611-a KJV a hung suok khan eini rawi chu saruok deuthawa ramsa le insirsawna khawsa ei la nih. Tuta Zo hnathlakhai laia hnam hrang hranga insalhai hin hming mumal khom ei la nei naw a, Bengalihaiin an mi kona hming ni-a hril ‘Kuki’ ti ruok chu a pieng tah ni-a hriet a nih. Kum za hnungah Trieu vadung kânin Sailo lalhai an hung inlang trĕk trêk a, Selesi-ah lal 7/8 an insung khawm a, chu taka inthok chun thlang an nor a. Kum 1871-a Vai Lien, Sim tienga inthoka Lt. Col. T.H.Lewin (Thanglien) rawihai khan Sailo lalhai le lal tenauhai tiem dingin khaw kar lam sir thingkungah Bengali le Kawl (Burmese) hawropa inziek, “Vailien hin tlangmihai suknat an tum naw a, an sal manhai insuo a, remna siempui dinga palai an hung tir phot chun inremna siempui pei an ta, an in le bu inhai rawpek nawng an ta, an khuoin tuor naw ni hai” ti an tar fek fuk a.
Hi lekha tar, Bengali le Kawl hawropa ziek hi KJV an suta inthoka kum 260-na a nih. Chuong lai chun Zotrong hrang hrang a pieng taa chuh hawrop a la pieng naw a, a um thei a nih ti khom ei la hriet tawl nawh. T.H.Lewin khan Mizo trong a khon khawm theihai chu besana hmangin Progressive Colloquial in the Lushai Dialect of the ‘Dzo’ or Kuki Language, with Vocabularies and Popular Tales (Notated) ti 1874 khan a siem a. Chutaka chun India sorkarin Transliteration System-a a hmang lai Sir William Jones siem chu hmangin hieng ang hin A AW B a duong a: a, ai, au/aw, b, ch, d, dr, dz, c, cc, ei, ey, f, gh, ng, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, oi, oy, p, r, s, t, tsc, tsch, u, v.
Kum 1884 khan Brojo Nath Saha-in Grammar of the Lushai Language, To which are appended a few illustrations of the Zau or Lushai Popular Songs and Translations from Aesop’s Fables ti a siem bok a. Hi taka hin chuh Sir William Jones-a ‘system’ hmang loin, a thra lema a ngai Dr. Wilson-a transliteration system a hmang thung a. Hi lekhabua hin hawrop lam rik dan Saptrong le Bengali trongin a sie pei a, a hnunga J.H.Lorrain (Pu Buanga) haiin a, aw, b an hung siem khan an hmang trangkai hle. A hawrop hmanghai chu:
a, æ or ay, ai, au, b, ch, ch, d, d, e, f, g, ng, h, hl, hm, hn, hr, i, i, k, kh, l, m, mm, n, nn, o, p, r, rh, s, sh, t, ṭ, ṭh, , u, û, v, z.
Chun, hienghai bakah hin 1893 khan C.A. Soppit-in Hrangkhol trong inchukna dinga a siem Outline Grammar of the Rangkhol-Lushai Language chu a siem bok a. Hi taka hin C. J. Lyall hawrop ziek dan a hmang thung. Hieng ang hin: a, ai, â, au, b, ch, d, e, f, ng, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, oi, p, r, s, sh, t, u, v, z (27)
A AW B a pieng
F.W.Savidge (Sap Upa) le J.H.Lorrain (Pu Buanga) hai ruolcham kha Arthington Aborigines Mission tirin January 11, 1894 khan Aizawl an lut a, chu chu Mizorama gospel a lutna nia pom a nih. Thla thum vel an um hnungin, March 1894 vel khan nia hriet a nih. Threnkhat ruok chun Mizorama lut tuma kum thum zet an insingsat sung khan a hmaa ei hril tah Lewin, Shaha le Soppit lekhabuhai rawnin, Mizoram an lut hma khomin a riruong chu an lo duong hman der tah niin an ngai. A ieng khom chu ni sien, Aizawl an lut hnunga an a aw b siema inthoka Mizo alphabet inchuk thiem hmasa tak chu Suoka le Thangphung an nih. An hawrop siem chu:
â, a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, z, ch. (23)
Pu Buanga le Sap-upain Mizo trong an thiem tung pei hnunga a aw b an duong suok dan chu hieng ang hi a nih:
1893-96 â, a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, z, ch (23)
1898- a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, ṭ, u, v, z (24)
1940- a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, ṭ, u, v, z (23)
Hawrop 23 an duong suok hmasa tak hi kum 1896-a Pu Buanga hai ruolchamin Luka 15:11-32 an inlet khan an hmang ti chieng taka hriet thei a nih. Hieng ang hin: 11 Mi tuinemâ fápá pahnih a nê. 12 A naupang zâk-in a pá hnêna “Kapá, rô ka chan min pe râh” a ti a. Tin, a sum an pahnih a hnên a shem a. 14 A ral zâ vele.....16 Englô kâm vok-in an ê khá, ani pâh-in ê pui a du em em a, tuma-in engma an phe shi lô va. 24...Tin, hlimtak-in an om tan-tá a. 26 Tin, boih tûemâ a ko-va”chu eng-nge-nitá”...(F.W.Savidge, Fapa tlan bo. Mizoram State Archives, 1896). Hi hi Hunterian System of Spelling hmanga an ziek a nih. Hawrop aw le ng an la bel naw a, ‘aw’ aiah ‘â’ thluk sei an hmang. Zotronga thrang loa an ngai c, q, w, x & y an băn. Hawrop j-a intran Zotrong um naw sien khom an inthrangtir a, 1940-ah an băn a, amiruokchu a hnungah a hung thrang nawk tho. Chun, ‘t’ hnuoia sunhang sut, ‘ṭ’ tia ei lam hi a la thrang naw a, a hnungin an hung bel sa a, Saptronga ‘throw’ ti angin an lam. A chunga an trong inlet ei tar langa khin ‘t’ pangngai an hmang. A hnung daia Pu Buanga Diksawnari ti-a hriet, ‘Dictionary of the Lushai Language’ kha ei en chun, umzie nei takin, ‘T’ le “Ṭ’ hai pahni hi a hrana sie loin bawm khat hnuoiah a khum vong.
Hmar tronga hmangna hmasa tak
Kum 1900-a Linguistic Survey of India-a inchuon dinga Major J. Shakespear-in Hmar tronga ‘Naupa Tlan Hmang’ a’n let khom tlawmte chauh hang tar lang inla: “Mi tu-na ma-nih fa-pa pa-nhih a nei-a. A-nao-pang-lem-in a pa kuam-a, “Ka pa, ro ka chan-tum mi pe-roh,” a ta. Chuang-chun a sum chu an in nhin a shem-rel-a. Ni-shât-nâ-tak-in a-nao-pang-lem-in sum a-reng-in a khâm-vong-a, khua-lam la tak-a a fe-tah. Chu khua chun-in hoi-ta-bek-in a om-a, a sum chu a bo-mhang-ta-vong-a. A mhang-zo-vong-le an khua tiang chu na-sha-deo-vin an tam-a, bak-ding a tla-sham-a. Chuang-chun chu-hai khua chun tu-kuam-am shin thoh-in a va-thang. Chu mi-pa chun vok thlai pe-ding-in a lo tiang a thuai-a. Ziang-tin kâm vok-in a bak kha a-ma khom a-puar-tak a-bak a nuam-a, tu-khom-in iang-khom an pe-noh-a....” (phek 259).
A chunga ei thu hung lak suok hi Pu Buanga haiin Mizo A AW B an hung siema inthoka kum ruknaa an inlet a nih. Hi hawrop hi hmanga lekhabu-a chuong dinga Hmar trong inziekna hmasa tak ei hmu thei sun le ‘Hmar’ hming inlangna hmasa tak tu chena hmu thei um sun chu Linguistic Survey of India Volume III Part III :Tibeto-Burman Family Kuki-Chin & Burma Groups, kum 1904-a an sut hi a nih. Chutaka chun, zawna ei indon rop, iengtika inthok khan am hi hawrop hi ei hmang tran a na? ti donna khom hi a um a nih. Chun, ‘aw’ aiah ‘â’ an hmang a, a hnunga thluk tawia ‘aw’ an hung hmangna po po-ah kei ngei khoma ka hmang hlak ‘o’ an hmang vong: vok, vong, khom, inhoi.
Mingo Sap Vs Zosap
Misawnari hrang hrangin hawrop an hung siem phuisui pei dan, achangin hawrop threnkhat pei a, a nawkah an hung bel nawk si chanchin dam hi sui le ziek châk a um hlea chu artikul pakhata khum khawm ruol a ni naw leiin hril hmai inchu phot ei tih. A AW B siem hmasatuhai kha London khawpui boruoka seilien, English mi an ni a, an hoiher le chang dan khom hnam tenaua an ngai Scottish, Welsh le Irish-hai le tekhi chun danglam tak a lo ni awm. Khawlaia an hang lawn dan khom chalngeng tak, inza phur hmel taka kun deu hleka lawn hlak niin an hril. Mizoram sim tieng biel optu an ni leiin an mingo Sap tak takhai lawn dan kha Sap hnuoihnung deua ngai Welsh misawnarihai opna hnuoia khawsa Mizoram hmar tienga mihaiin fiemthu thawnaa hmangin, “Chhimkun” an ti hlak a. A hnungin, hmar tieng mihaiin sim tieng mihai deusawna trongkam takah an hung hmang a. Pu Buanga ‘Dictionary of the Lushai Language’ (1940) chun hieng hin a hrilfie: Chhim Kun n. 1. A name given in derision by the North Lushai people to the South Lushais because the latter are said to be spiritless (Lit. Spiritless Southerners) 2. The south (as in Chhimkunah ka pêm peih lo) (p.78). ‘Chhimkunluk’ an ti ngat lem chun insuol dinga incho ang a nih. Hawrop an hung siem phuisui peinaa khom ei boruok hril hin iemani chenah a thruoi met met chang a um hlak a hoi khop el. Kha hma khan chu Mizoram Sim le Hmar Saptrong lamrik dan khom danglam tak a nih. Indeusawna takin an hmang hlak, abikin ‘ṭ’ hmang dan thu-ah.
Siemphuisui mawphurna
Kum 130 neka tam liem taa Zotrong khom la thiem lo misawnarihaiin bet le buta A AW B an mi lo duong pek chun, ei mamaw a la phuhruk trawk trawk theia ei ngai lei amani ding, ei la hmang zing a. Sienkhom, Diksawnari fumfe tak siem ding chun ei hawrop hmang dan hi siem thrat hmasak phot trulin ka hriet. Ei trong tam tak hi thihmun suola um, UNESCO huoihotnaa mi thiem thlang khawmin khawvela trong hrang hrang ngirhmun thlirna an buotsai lekhabu, Atlas of the World Languages in Danger of Disappearing-a khawvela trong hrang hrang 6000 laia 3000 vel la dam lai hi kum sawt naw tea thi ram dingin an hril a, chuong an hrilhai laia a hmatawnga thrang ve chu ei nih. Trong hi a hring zing ding chun siem phuisui pei a ngai. Hmawsaruma alphabet an mi siempek, baksamna tam tak nei, siem phuisui tum chu hril lo, chuong tienga hmalakna hrim hrim dodal a, kum za chuong zet a pangngai ei la hmang el dam hi, dam khawsuok nuom si mihriem nungchang ding chun a mak deuh a nih.
Chu siemphuisuina sin le mawphurna chu a trong hmangtuhai kut lieu lieua innghat a nih. Mi dang hungin mi thawpek naw ni hai. Ei vui liem pha thlan koah ieng thu thra le inpamna thu mawi hung hrilhai sien khom, indiriemna thu vong a nih. Chun, thu le hla le a hril suokna hmangruo, trong hrim hrim hi a hmangtuhai dung neka insangin a’n thrang thei nawh. Thrahnemngai leia insan puom raka kei făn thei amanih, trongtrai raka sukhausak thei khom a ni nawh. A hmangtuhai ni tin khawsakna khawvel hmasawn dan angin hma a sawn a, an zie inthlak danglam ang peiin zierang thar a put a; an inchor suok le a hung inchor suok ve a, an rĕm leh a rêm ve el a nih. Ni tin trongkam thar a pieng a, trongkam hlui hmang ta lohai chu hmangruo thar le umzie thar puta hmang thei dinga ei inlet pei si naw chun an thi hmang hlak. Bu thring amanih thûm tah chu ieng angin hril mawi inla khom, miin an intem pha an hnăr a kîr a, an fak nuom ta nawh. Ei Seminar paper le ripawthai hi ei tiem a, Pi Rosiem trongkam haw-in, “lung a mawlin salung a zing” a nih. Thrangtharhaiin bu tharlam, inhnik le lum hlat fak an nuom lem leiin, chuong thil umna thleng kil chu an thlang lem ti hriet a thra. Thu le hla thila lem chu taksa ringot ni lo, thlarau dangcharna le phingtramna hnem le chawm thei, thu tuihnang pai mihriemin ei mamaw a, chuong ang bu hnienghnar chun inchawm a ngai. Luok thring ring tu khomin an pei nawh.
‘Ṭ’ be pawl thukhawchang
Misawnarihai kut hmanga A AW B ei hung nei dan tawite ei hril ta a. Roman Alfabet hi ei hmang dingin lo duong loin, khang laia sorkar dit dan angin Bengali hawrop hmang pei chu ni inla, Assam, Manipur le Tripuraa chenghai angin Bengali hawropin ei trong hi ziekin tiem ei ta, ei trong thluk le thlek dan, abikin ‘f’ ei lam dan khom an zierang angin ‘ph’ ri somin fe mei a tih. Kawl hawrop lo hmang ni inla, Pali Script inbiel chi hmang bok ei tih. Ei zuk hril nuom tak chu, ei thu le hla chu a pangngai zing ning a ta, a ziekna hawrop ruok chu Roman Script ni loin Bengali Script amanih Pali Script ning a tih. Chu chu lo ni sien, eini laia threnkhatin ‘t’ hnuoia sunhang an mi siepek, ‘ṭ’ tia ei lam hi ei trong danglam bikna (uniqueness), Pathienin a siem dangdai bikzie hriltu anga an mi hrilpek hi bel chieng dawl lo thu kawrong, mawl leia mani le mani ei inhlemna mei mei a nih. Hawrop hi thu le hla ziekna hmangruo a ni a, ei hawrop hmang leiin thu le hla inrilna le inthukna a danglamin a bo chuong nawh. ‘Ṭ’ ei hmang naw leia thu le hla hlutna bo dinga ngai pawl ei um hi ei sangsietzie hriltu a nih.
HR & TR
Ei A AW B siem hmasatuhai khan ‘ṭ’ ei ti hih an sie nawh. ‘Ṭ’ tia lam tak hi ri pahni inkop, t+r lam kopa inthoka suok a nih. A hrana hawrop siem a ngai nawh. Ei tronga hin ‘hr’ le ‘tr’ inkopa thumal insiem a tam a, consonant dang le ‘r’ inkopa thumal insiem dang pakhat khom a um nawh. A um chun mi trong ei lak a nih. Entirnan, Krista, Kristmas, Kraws, driver, Friday, gram, private, principal. Chun, ei tronga hin ‘hr’lam kopa thumal intran tam tak a um laiin Saptrongah ‘hr’ a intran thumal pakhat khom a um naw thung. A um palh a ni chun hnam dang trong an lak lut le hmang ning a tih. Chuleiin, ‘hr’ inkop aia hawrop pakhat hmang a, a hnuoiah sunhang sie ve si loa ‘tr’ inkop aia ngir dinga ‘t’ hnuoia sunhang sie a, ‘ṭ’ tia ei lam hin umzie a nei naw a, ieng grammar sunga khom khum thei chi a ni nawh. Hnam dang ‘ṭ’ nei an tam a, chuonghai chun ‘t’ hnuoiah sunhang sut loin ‘tr’ an hmang vong a nih.
Ei fie theina dingin hang hril sei met inla. Ei ‘ṭ’ suong em em hi hmangin ‘Ṭhiek’ ti ziek inla, a ri angin ‘ṭ’ lam hmasa inla, ri hung suok chu ‘tri-hiek’ ni ngei ngei a tih. ‘Ṭhalai’ ti khom hi ‘tri-halai’ ti-a lam ngai bok a tih. A san chu a ri hung suok ding command-tu tak chu ‘tr’ ni ta loin ‘hr’ a ni lei a nih. Consonant dang bel sa loa ‘tr’ ri ringot a ni pha ruok chu hmang thei a nih: trap, trawp, trawng, trei, tring, triel, trong, tru, trul, trum le a dang dang. Amiruokchu, thral, thrang, thrung, thrul, thring etc ziek ding pha chun ei ‘ṭ’ hmang lai hin a thei nawh, a ri suok thruoitu tak chu ‘hr’ ri a ni leiin. Ei hriet fie pha chu ei inhukpui ‘ṭ’ hi suong tlak a lo ni chie nawh ti hmung ei tih. Trong chikmi, mi thiem filor iemani zat ei nei ve ta a, ‘ṭ’ neka ‘tr’ hmang lem ding a nizie an hril vong. Intiem har ei tiu. Taptebul ngaidan kengkaw a, dierbengchep kei sing a, singtûr dumbêl pet kaw a, inhŭmru ringot hun a ni ta nawh.
Kum 2009-a Hmar Biela kan inzin trumin Parbung dawr kawnah thu hril thiem le Pathien thu chinglet hne Evangelist Lalnghaksang leh kan intuok thut a. Kha hmaa Baibul ka pek kha a kol naw leiin bu dang ka pek nawk a. Chuonga kan inbiek lai chun kan bul elah pa pakhat insukthawl deu hin “Kha Baibul kha a thra khop el. Sienkhom ‘tr’ an hmang leiin ka’n chawk nuom naw a nih” a ti a. Kei chun, “A ni ngei chu tie! Hi Baibula hin ‘ṭ’ pangngai kan hmang a, a khaw lai am ‘tr’ kan hmangna i lo hmu leh?” ka ta. Ama chun ving deuin, “Mi’n an ti annawm” a tih. Infui pawlawttu a nei thra ti inhmai ruol a ni nawh. Hi pa anga mi lungsietum hi ei khawvelah hin ei lo tam khop el! Sienkhom, ngaidam bawmah ei thlak a, a hadamthlak tak.
“Aw’ le “O’ indik taka hmang thu-a khom a umzie le hlawkzie hre phak nawhai chauh a nih buoi hlak. Ei hril fie pha ruok chu an inveng huoi a, an hril sap tah ngai nawh. Hre thiem nuom lo dinga inkau sahai ruok chu hrilin kongro a suk nawh. Anni kraws seng put raw hai se.
(September 24, 2016, Delhi)
Note: Hi artikul ziekna ding hin lekhabu tam tak ka rawn le tiem bakah December 1, 2006-a Aizawla Mizo Academy of Letters Seminar-a Lalhruaitluanga Ralte paper ziek ‘A AW B ṬOBUL’ chu sirsana hmang tlak a ni ang hrimin ka hmang hlawk hle. Author.
A ieng khom chu ni sien, lekha hawrop nei saa pieng chu tu khom ei lo um nawzie, a zai a zaia ri hmanga ei hung inbiek thei hnunga chuong rihai chu a ai awtu ding lim, kum 4000 neka tam liem taa Aigupta rama inthoka an hung duong suok hawrop, arênga hminga alphabet ei ti hih a nih. Tu lai khawvela ei hmang tlanglawn tak Roman Alfabet ei ti hung suokna trobul le a kaupeng hung indar dan chanchin suina, John Man ziek ‘Alpha Beta: How our Alphabet shaped the Modern World’ (2009 Edition) ti dam hi samphuola tiem el loa ngaituona inril hmanga ei suipui chun, mani tawk beka var huoina le iemani kong zawng beka piengtharna tham a nih. A hung suokna Etruscan-hai buzawlah kum iemani zat lo khawsa tah le Latin kaupeng laia pakhat Spanish khom Diploma (12th Grade) Certificate chen nei ve phaka lo pawl nel ka ni leiin, ka ta ding chun hi lekhabu hi a hlu zuol.
Hawrop ei hung nei ve tran dan ei tlang thlir hmain inchuktirna indik lo thil lakah ei fihlim a ngai. Pakhatna, Pathienin trong bik a nei nawh. Mihriem kuomah thlarauin thu a hril a, chu hretu le dongtu chun ama trong hrietin a ngaithlak a, a hril suok hlak. Pentecost ni-a thil tlung kha entirna thra tak a nih. Pahnina, ei trong Pathien mi pek ni-a ei hril hi thu him lo a nih. Trong hi a hmangtu mihriemhai inbiekpawna dinga an hung ser suok a nih. Pathienin tu khom trong a pek ngai nawh. Trongsemzawl ei ti hih tienami-a chauh a nih a um. Pathumna, Pathienin tu khom trong ziek suokna ding hawrop siem sa a pek ngai bok nawh. Hawrop hi mihriem duong suok a nih.
Kar hmasak khan P.C.Biaksiama buotsai Parallel Mizo-English Bible le inzomin KJV chauh innghatna tlak Baibul ni-a a ngaina thuah ei titi nasa hle a. Hi le inmata ka zuk hril nuom tak chu, kum 1611-a KJV a hung suok khan eini rawi chu saruok deuthawa ramsa le insirsawna khawsa ei la nih. Tuta Zo hnathlakhai laia hnam hrang hranga insalhai hin hming mumal khom ei la nei naw a, Bengalihaiin an mi kona hming ni-a hril ‘Kuki’ ti ruok chu a pieng tah ni-a hriet a nih. Kum za hnungah Trieu vadung kânin Sailo lalhai an hung inlang trĕk trêk a, Selesi-ah lal 7/8 an insung khawm a, chu taka inthok chun thlang an nor a. Kum 1871-a Vai Lien, Sim tienga inthoka Lt. Col. T.H.Lewin (Thanglien) rawihai khan Sailo lalhai le lal tenauhai tiem dingin khaw kar lam sir thingkungah Bengali le Kawl (Burmese) hawropa inziek, “Vailien hin tlangmihai suknat an tum naw a, an sal manhai insuo a, remna siempui dinga palai an hung tir phot chun inremna siempui pei an ta, an in le bu inhai rawpek nawng an ta, an khuoin tuor naw ni hai” ti an tar fek fuk a.
Hi lekha tar, Bengali le Kawl hawropa ziek hi KJV an suta inthoka kum 260-na a nih. Chuong lai chun Zotrong hrang hrang a pieng taa chuh hawrop a la pieng naw a, a um thei a nih ti khom ei la hriet tawl nawh. T.H.Lewin khan Mizo trong a khon khawm theihai chu besana hmangin Progressive Colloquial in the Lushai Dialect of the ‘Dzo’ or Kuki Language, with Vocabularies and Popular Tales (Notated) ti 1874 khan a siem a. Chutaka chun India sorkarin Transliteration System-a a hmang lai Sir William Jones siem chu hmangin hieng ang hin A AW B a duong a: a, ai, au/aw, b, ch, d, dr, dz, c, cc, ei, ey, f, gh, ng, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, oi, oy, p, r, s, t, tsc, tsch, u, v.
Kum 1884 khan Brojo Nath Saha-in Grammar of the Lushai Language, To which are appended a few illustrations of the Zau or Lushai Popular Songs and Translations from Aesop’s Fables ti a siem bok a. Hi taka hin chuh Sir William Jones-a ‘system’ hmang loin, a thra lema a ngai Dr. Wilson-a transliteration system a hmang thung a. Hi lekhabua hin hawrop lam rik dan Saptrong le Bengali trongin a sie pei a, a hnunga J.H.Lorrain (Pu Buanga) haiin a, aw, b an hung siem khan an hmang trangkai hle. A hawrop hmanghai chu:
a, æ or ay, ai, au, b, ch, ch, d, d, e, f, g, ng, h, hl, hm, hn, hr, i, i, k, kh, l, m, mm, n, nn, o, p, r, rh, s, sh, t, ṭ, ṭh, , u, û, v, z.
Chun, hienghai bakah hin 1893 khan C.A. Soppit-in Hrangkhol trong inchukna dinga a siem Outline Grammar of the Rangkhol-Lushai Language chu a siem bok a. Hi taka hin C. J. Lyall hawrop ziek dan a hmang thung. Hieng ang hin: a, ai, â, au, b, ch, d, e, f, ng, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, oi, p, r, s, sh, t, u, v, z (27)
A AW B a pieng
F.W.Savidge (Sap Upa) le J.H.Lorrain (Pu Buanga) hai ruolcham kha Arthington Aborigines Mission tirin January 11, 1894 khan Aizawl an lut a, chu chu Mizorama gospel a lutna nia pom a nih. Thla thum vel an um hnungin, March 1894 vel khan nia hriet a nih. Threnkhat ruok chun Mizorama lut tuma kum thum zet an insingsat sung khan a hmaa ei hril tah Lewin, Shaha le Soppit lekhabuhai rawnin, Mizoram an lut hma khomin a riruong chu an lo duong hman der tah niin an ngai. A ieng khom chu ni sien, Aizawl an lut hnunga an a aw b siema inthoka Mizo alphabet inchuk thiem hmasa tak chu Suoka le Thangphung an nih. An hawrop siem chu:
â, a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, z, ch. (23)
Pu Buanga le Sap-upain Mizo trong an thiem tung pei hnunga a aw b an duong suok dan chu hieng ang hi a nih:
1893-96 â, a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, z, ch (23)
1898- a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, ṭ, u, v, z (24)
1940- a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, ṭ, u, v, z (23)
Hawrop 23 an duong suok hmasa tak hi kum 1896-a Pu Buanga hai ruolchamin Luka 15:11-32 an inlet khan an hmang ti chieng taka hriet thei a nih. Hieng ang hin: 11 Mi tuinemâ fápá pahnih a nê. 12 A naupang zâk-in a pá hnêna “Kapá, rô ka chan min pe râh” a ti a. Tin, a sum an pahnih a hnên a shem a. 14 A ral zâ vele.....16 Englô kâm vok-in an ê khá, ani pâh-in ê pui a du em em a, tuma-in engma an phe shi lô va. 24...Tin, hlimtak-in an om tan-tá a. 26 Tin, boih tûemâ a ko-va”chu eng-nge-nitá”...(F.W.Savidge, Fapa tlan bo. Mizoram State Archives, 1896). Hi hi Hunterian System of Spelling hmanga an ziek a nih. Hawrop aw le ng an la bel naw a, ‘aw’ aiah ‘â’ thluk sei an hmang. Zotronga thrang loa an ngai c, q, w, x & y an băn. Hawrop j-a intran Zotrong um naw sien khom an inthrangtir a, 1940-ah an băn a, amiruokchu a hnungah a hung thrang nawk tho. Chun, ‘t’ hnuoia sunhang sut, ‘ṭ’ tia ei lam hi a la thrang naw a, a hnungin an hung bel sa a, Saptronga ‘throw’ ti angin an lam. A chunga an trong inlet ei tar langa khin ‘t’ pangngai an hmang. A hnung daia Pu Buanga Diksawnari ti-a hriet, ‘Dictionary of the Lushai Language’ kha ei en chun, umzie nei takin, ‘T’ le “Ṭ’ hai pahni hi a hrana sie loin bawm khat hnuoiah a khum vong.
Hmar tronga hmangna hmasa tak
Kum 1900-a Linguistic Survey of India-a inchuon dinga Major J. Shakespear-in Hmar tronga ‘Naupa Tlan Hmang’ a’n let khom tlawmte chauh hang tar lang inla: “Mi tu-na ma-nih fa-pa pa-nhih a nei-a. A-nao-pang-lem-in a pa kuam-a, “Ka pa, ro ka chan-tum mi pe-roh,” a ta. Chuang-chun a sum chu an in nhin a shem-rel-a. Ni-shât-nâ-tak-in a-nao-pang-lem-in sum a-reng-in a khâm-vong-a, khua-lam la tak-a a fe-tah. Chu khua chun-in hoi-ta-bek-in a om-a, a sum chu a bo-mhang-ta-vong-a. A mhang-zo-vong-le an khua tiang chu na-sha-deo-vin an tam-a, bak-ding a tla-sham-a. Chuang-chun chu-hai khua chun tu-kuam-am shin thoh-in a va-thang. Chu mi-pa chun vok thlai pe-ding-in a lo tiang a thuai-a. Ziang-tin kâm vok-in a bak kha a-ma khom a-puar-tak a-bak a nuam-a, tu-khom-in iang-khom an pe-noh-a....” (phek 259).
A chunga ei thu hung lak suok hi Pu Buanga haiin Mizo A AW B an hung siema inthoka kum ruknaa an inlet a nih. Hi hawrop hi hmanga lekhabu-a chuong dinga Hmar trong inziekna hmasa tak ei hmu thei sun le ‘Hmar’ hming inlangna hmasa tak tu chena hmu thei um sun chu Linguistic Survey of India Volume III Part III :Tibeto-Burman Family Kuki-Chin & Burma Groups, kum 1904-a an sut hi a nih. Chutaka chun, zawna ei indon rop, iengtika inthok khan am hi hawrop hi ei hmang tran a na? ti donna khom hi a um a nih. Chun, ‘aw’ aiah ‘â’ an hmang a, a hnunga thluk tawia ‘aw’ an hung hmangna po po-ah kei ngei khoma ka hmang hlak ‘o’ an hmang vong: vok, vong, khom, inhoi.
Mingo Sap Vs Zosap
Misawnari hrang hrangin hawrop an hung siem phuisui pei dan, achangin hawrop threnkhat pei a, a nawkah an hung bel nawk si chanchin dam hi sui le ziek châk a um hlea chu artikul pakhata khum khawm ruol a ni naw leiin hril hmai inchu phot ei tih. A AW B siem hmasatuhai kha London khawpui boruoka seilien, English mi an ni a, an hoiher le chang dan khom hnam tenaua an ngai Scottish, Welsh le Irish-hai le tekhi chun danglam tak a lo ni awm. Khawlaia an hang lawn dan khom chalngeng tak, inza phur hmel taka kun deu hleka lawn hlak niin an hril. Mizoram sim tieng biel optu an ni leiin an mingo Sap tak takhai lawn dan kha Sap hnuoihnung deua ngai Welsh misawnarihai opna hnuoia khawsa Mizoram hmar tienga mihaiin fiemthu thawnaa hmangin, “Chhimkun” an ti hlak a. A hnungin, hmar tieng mihaiin sim tieng mihai deusawna trongkam takah an hung hmang a. Pu Buanga ‘Dictionary of the Lushai Language’ (1940) chun hieng hin a hrilfie: Chhim Kun n. 1. A name given in derision by the North Lushai people to the South Lushais because the latter are said to be spiritless (Lit. Spiritless Southerners) 2. The south (as in Chhimkunah ka pêm peih lo) (p.78). ‘Chhimkunluk’ an ti ngat lem chun insuol dinga incho ang a nih. Hawrop an hung siem phuisui peinaa khom ei boruok hril hin iemani chenah a thruoi met met chang a um hlak a hoi khop el. Kha hma khan chu Mizoram Sim le Hmar Saptrong lamrik dan khom danglam tak a nih. Indeusawna takin an hmang hlak, abikin ‘ṭ’ hmang dan thu-ah.
Siemphuisui mawphurna
Kum 130 neka tam liem taa Zotrong khom la thiem lo misawnarihaiin bet le buta A AW B an mi lo duong pek chun, ei mamaw a la phuhruk trawk trawk theia ei ngai lei amani ding, ei la hmang zing a. Sienkhom, Diksawnari fumfe tak siem ding chun ei hawrop hmang dan hi siem thrat hmasak phot trulin ka hriet. Ei trong tam tak hi thihmun suola um, UNESCO huoihotnaa mi thiem thlang khawmin khawvela trong hrang hrang ngirhmun thlirna an buotsai lekhabu, Atlas of the World Languages in Danger of Disappearing-a khawvela trong hrang hrang 6000 laia 3000 vel la dam lai hi kum sawt naw tea thi ram dingin an hril a, chuong an hrilhai laia a hmatawnga thrang ve chu ei nih. Trong hi a hring zing ding chun siem phuisui pei a ngai. Hmawsaruma alphabet an mi siempek, baksamna tam tak nei, siem phuisui tum chu hril lo, chuong tienga hmalakna hrim hrim dodal a, kum za chuong zet a pangngai ei la hmang el dam hi, dam khawsuok nuom si mihriem nungchang ding chun a mak deuh a nih.
Chu siemphuisuina sin le mawphurna chu a trong hmangtuhai kut lieu lieua innghat a nih. Mi dang hungin mi thawpek naw ni hai. Ei vui liem pha thlan koah ieng thu thra le inpamna thu mawi hung hrilhai sien khom, indiriemna thu vong a nih. Chun, thu le hla le a hril suokna hmangruo, trong hrim hrim hi a hmangtuhai dung neka insangin a’n thrang thei nawh. Thrahnemngai leia insan puom raka kei făn thei amanih, trongtrai raka sukhausak thei khom a ni nawh. A hmangtuhai ni tin khawsakna khawvel hmasawn dan angin hma a sawn a, an zie inthlak danglam ang peiin zierang thar a put a; an inchor suok le a hung inchor suok ve a, an rĕm leh a rêm ve el a nih. Ni tin trongkam thar a pieng a, trongkam hlui hmang ta lohai chu hmangruo thar le umzie thar puta hmang thei dinga ei inlet pei si naw chun an thi hmang hlak. Bu thring amanih thûm tah chu ieng angin hril mawi inla khom, miin an intem pha an hnăr a kîr a, an fak nuom ta nawh. Ei Seminar paper le ripawthai hi ei tiem a, Pi Rosiem trongkam haw-in, “lung a mawlin salung a zing” a nih. Thrangtharhaiin bu tharlam, inhnik le lum hlat fak an nuom lem leiin, chuong thil umna thleng kil chu an thlang lem ti hriet a thra. Thu le hla thila lem chu taksa ringot ni lo, thlarau dangcharna le phingtramna hnem le chawm thei, thu tuihnang pai mihriemin ei mamaw a, chuong ang bu hnienghnar chun inchawm a ngai. Luok thring ring tu khomin an pei nawh.
‘Ṭ’ be pawl thukhawchang
Misawnarihai kut hmanga A AW B ei hung nei dan tawite ei hril ta a. Roman Alfabet hi ei hmang dingin lo duong loin, khang laia sorkar dit dan angin Bengali hawrop hmang pei chu ni inla, Assam, Manipur le Tripuraa chenghai angin Bengali hawropin ei trong hi ziekin tiem ei ta, ei trong thluk le thlek dan, abikin ‘f’ ei lam dan khom an zierang angin ‘ph’ ri somin fe mei a tih. Kawl hawrop lo hmang ni inla, Pali Script inbiel chi hmang bok ei tih. Ei zuk hril nuom tak chu, ei thu le hla chu a pangngai zing ning a ta, a ziekna hawrop ruok chu Roman Script ni loin Bengali Script amanih Pali Script ning a tih. Chu chu lo ni sien, eini laia threnkhatin ‘t’ hnuoia sunhang an mi siepek, ‘ṭ’ tia ei lam hi ei trong danglam bikna (uniqueness), Pathienin a siem dangdai bikzie hriltu anga an mi hrilpek hi bel chieng dawl lo thu kawrong, mawl leia mani le mani ei inhlemna mei mei a nih. Hawrop hi thu le hla ziekna hmangruo a ni a, ei hawrop hmang leiin thu le hla inrilna le inthukna a danglamin a bo chuong nawh. ‘Ṭ’ ei hmang naw leia thu le hla hlutna bo dinga ngai pawl ei um hi ei sangsietzie hriltu a nih.
HR & TR
Ei A AW B siem hmasatuhai khan ‘ṭ’ ei ti hih an sie nawh. ‘Ṭ’ tia lam tak hi ri pahni inkop, t+r lam kopa inthoka suok a nih. A hrana hawrop siem a ngai nawh. Ei tronga hin ‘hr’ le ‘tr’ inkopa thumal insiem a tam a, consonant dang le ‘r’ inkopa thumal insiem dang pakhat khom a um nawh. A um chun mi trong ei lak a nih. Entirnan, Krista, Kristmas, Kraws, driver, Friday, gram, private, principal. Chun, ei tronga hin ‘hr’lam kopa thumal intran tam tak a um laiin Saptrongah ‘hr’ a intran thumal pakhat khom a um naw thung. A um palh a ni chun hnam dang trong an lak lut le hmang ning a tih. Chuleiin, ‘hr’ inkop aia hawrop pakhat hmang a, a hnuoiah sunhang sie ve si loa ‘tr’ inkop aia ngir dinga ‘t’ hnuoia sunhang sie a, ‘ṭ’ tia ei lam hin umzie a nei naw a, ieng grammar sunga khom khum thei chi a ni nawh. Hnam dang ‘ṭ’ nei an tam a, chuonghai chun ‘t’ hnuoiah sunhang sut loin ‘tr’ an hmang vong a nih.
Ei fie theina dingin hang hril sei met inla. Ei ‘ṭ’ suong em em hi hmangin ‘Ṭhiek’ ti ziek inla, a ri angin ‘ṭ’ lam hmasa inla, ri hung suok chu ‘tri-hiek’ ni ngei ngei a tih. ‘Ṭhalai’ ti khom hi ‘tri-halai’ ti-a lam ngai bok a tih. A san chu a ri hung suok ding command-tu tak chu ‘tr’ ni ta loin ‘hr’ a ni lei a nih. Consonant dang bel sa loa ‘tr’ ri ringot a ni pha ruok chu hmang thei a nih: trap, trawp, trawng, trei, tring, triel, trong, tru, trul, trum le a dang dang. Amiruokchu, thral, thrang, thrung, thrul, thring etc ziek ding pha chun ei ‘ṭ’ hmang lai hin a thei nawh, a ri suok thruoitu tak chu ‘hr’ ri a ni leiin. Ei hriet fie pha chu ei inhukpui ‘ṭ’ hi suong tlak a lo ni chie nawh ti hmung ei tih. Trong chikmi, mi thiem filor iemani zat ei nei ve ta a, ‘ṭ’ neka ‘tr’ hmang lem ding a nizie an hril vong. Intiem har ei tiu. Taptebul ngaidan kengkaw a, dierbengchep kei sing a, singtûr dumbêl pet kaw a, inhŭmru ringot hun a ni ta nawh.
Kum 2009-a Hmar Biela kan inzin trumin Parbung dawr kawnah thu hril thiem le Pathien thu chinglet hne Evangelist Lalnghaksang leh kan intuok thut a. Kha hmaa Baibul ka pek kha a kol naw leiin bu dang ka pek nawk a. Chuonga kan inbiek lai chun kan bul elah pa pakhat insukthawl deu hin “Kha Baibul kha a thra khop el. Sienkhom ‘tr’ an hmang leiin ka’n chawk nuom naw a nih” a ti a. Kei chun, “A ni ngei chu tie! Hi Baibula hin ‘ṭ’ pangngai kan hmang a, a khaw lai am ‘tr’ kan hmangna i lo hmu leh?” ka ta. Ama chun ving deuin, “Mi’n an ti annawm” a tih. Infui pawlawttu a nei thra ti inhmai ruol a ni nawh. Hi pa anga mi lungsietum hi ei khawvelah hin ei lo tam khop el! Sienkhom, ngaidam bawmah ei thlak a, a hadamthlak tak.
“Aw’ le “O’ indik taka hmang thu-a khom a umzie le hlawkzie hre phak nawhai chauh a nih buoi hlak. Ei hril fie pha ruok chu an inveng huoi a, an hril sap tah ngai nawh. Hre thiem nuom lo dinga inkau sahai ruok chu hrilin kongro a suk nawh. Anni kraws seng put raw hai se.
(September 24, 2016, Delhi)
Note: Hi artikul ziekna ding hin lekhabu tam tak ka rawn le tiem bakah December 1, 2006-a Aizawla Mizo Academy of Letters Seminar-a Lalhruaitluanga Ralte paper ziek ‘A AW B ṬOBUL’ chu sirsana hmang tlak a ni ang hrimin ka hmang hlawk hle. Author.
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